我国农业转基因生物政府管制中的话语机制分析——以公共选择理论为视角

Analysis on the Discourse Mechanism in the China's Regulatory Policy-making of AGMOs from the Perspective of Public Choice Theory

21世纪以来,转基因生物的商业化与全球化涉及食品安全、生态安全和经济社会安全等多层安全问题,引致诸如贸易壁垒、文化伦理、社会认同等多方面纷争,我国转基因生物科技政府管制面临多重挑战。从公共选择理论看,政府管制的公共选择主体复杂、话语机制不够健全、博弈规则较为混乱,导致转基因生物管制政策经常陷入模糊与矛盾的情景中。在全球治理的语境中,构建有效的转基因生物信息交流机制和风险交流机制,强化各主体之间的关系以协调多元利益,提高国家对新兴科技创新的风险治理能力和国家自主性成为我国农业转基因生物政府管制中的重要议题。

Since the 21st century,China has begun to recognize the political nature of agriculture genetically modified or-ganisms （AGMOs）and to redefine genetic engineering as an issue of regulation rather than scientific capacity.This shift corresponds with a parallel trend towards greater awareness for food security,environmental issues,social security and the rise of sustainable development as a guiding principle for the country’s economic strategy,but the new government regula-tion policy faces multiple challenges.In a sense,regulating agribiotechnology in China is about guarding the state capacity and state’s central role within the economy and the legitimacy of the current regime as much as about trade,environment and public health issues.This task has been complicated by the economic globalization of China over the last two decades, which has allowed international norms and forces increasingly to shape domestic policy -making.With the theory of public choice to analyze this change,we could find that the subjects of China’s regulatory policy -making in AGMOs are very complicated and the rules of game are extremely confused.This leads to the policy about AGMOs easy to fall into obscure and contradictory scenario.Therefore,this paper tries to seek to shed light on the information exchange mechanism and the risk communication mechanism of China’s regulatory policy -making in AGMOs.The paper thinks how to improve the country＆#39;s capacity for risk governance,state capacity and state autonomy is becoming an important issue in China.