绿色海洋防污材料的表面构筑研究进展

Progress in Surface Tailoring for Enviroment-friendly Anti-biofouling Materials

海洋生物污损已成为影响船只与装备在海洋环境中服役性能的全球性问题。因此,发展高效、广谱、环境友好的防污材料势在必行。借鉴海洋生物表皮具有的天然防污特性,人们通过对材料的表界面组分、形貌设计,获得了一系列环境友好型防污材料。文中系统归纳和评述了低表面能材料、表面亲水性材料、表面织构化材料和表面植绒材料等依靠表面物化性能调控来获得具有优异防污表现的绿色防污材料的研究进展,最后指出当前绿色防污材料存在的问题及未来的发展方向。

Marine biofouling has become a worldwide problem in the maritime industry for both vessels and industrial equipments.It is thus highly desirable to develop high efficient,broad-spectrum,and environmentfriendly coatings with anti-biofouling properties.Inspired by lives in nature with inherent antifouling capability,a series of environment-friendly anti-biofouling coatings were fabricated by tailoring the chemical composition and morphology on the surface or interface.In this review,the recent progress and current status of materials with excellent anti-biofouling performances realized by adjusting the physical and chemical properties on the surface or interface,such as low surface energy coatings,hydrophilic surface coatings,textured coatings,and surface flocking coatings were summarized in detail.Finally,problems existing on environment-friendly materials were pointed out and what efforts should be made in the future.