粗饲料科学利用及评价技术

Scientific Utilization and Evaluation Technology of Forage

粗饲料是反刍动物及其他草食动物饲粮必不可缺少的组成部分,其品质优劣直接关系到动物的生产性能和健康状况。近年来,秸秆厌氧碱贮技术和蒸汽爆破技术以其简便高效、适合大规模应用等优点逐步受到人们的关注。此外,在粗饲料营养价值评定技术领域,一些简便实用的粗饲料评价方法也引起了许多研究人员的兴趣,比如,通过乙酸和丁酸含量估测青贮饲料的发酵品质,通过测定36或48 h的瘤胃降解率估测粗饲料在瘤胃中的降解情况,利用近红外光谱技术对粗饲料营养价值的快速评定以及应用粗饲料综合评价指数对粗饲料品质进行快速评价,等等。本文通过查阅国内外文献材料,并结合本实验室的部分研究成果,将这些技术逐一做了介绍,并针对其特点展开分析,以供该领域的研究人员及生产者参考。

Forage is an essential part of ruminant and other herbivore diets. The quality of forages relates directly to the performance and health status of animals. In recent years, alkali treatment and anaerobic storage technology and steam explosion technology for stover are gradually attracting researchers＇ concerns due to their ad- vantages of simple, effective, and suitable for industrial large-scale application. In addition, some convenient and practical forage assessing methods have aroused the interest of more and more people in the area of forage quality evaluation technology, for example, evaluating fermentation quality of silage by acetic acid and butyric acid contents, evaluating the degradation characteristics of forages by 36 or 48 h rumen degradability, rapidly assessing the nutritive value of forage by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy （NIRS） technology and rapidly assessing the nutritive quality of forage by comprehensive evaluation index, etc. To provide references for re- searchers and producers in this field, introductions and feature analysis of these technologies were reviewed based on referring to relative literature and research results of our lab.