中国宗教版图演变的时空分析

Space-Time Analysis of Religious Landscape in China

基于中国宗教场所数据,以市为研究单元,以佛教、道教、伊斯兰教和基督教为研究对象,应用数理统计和空间分析相结合的方法,剖析了以宗教场所为代表的中国宗教版图分布的时空变化,揭示了中国主要宗教的分布规律及发展趋势。结果表明:建国后特别是改革开放以来,中国宗教得到了长足发展;中国宗教场所发展不平衡,不同宗教间、不同区域间发展差异较大;不同宗教采取的扩张模式和扩张策略有所不同,主导了宗教空间格局的时空演化,优势宗教区域空间格局变化明显;汉族地区和少数民族地区形成了不同的宗教景观;不同宗教存在过度集聚和急剧扩张现象;不同区域的不同宗教亦呈现了不同的发展模式。

The space-time analysis of spatial distribution of religious sites can provide the insightful information about the formation and diffusion mechanism of religious landscapes. As an important part of religious landscapes, religious sites are the focus of religious geography researches. To reveal the law of temporal evolution of Chinese religious landscapes, the methods of mathematical statistics and spatial analysis are used in this paper. Based on the data of religious sites from the economic census in China, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution of Buddhism, Taoism, Islam and Christianity in the 342 cities of China's Mainland, which may reveal the future trends of religious landscapes in China. The results from those analysis show that： 1） All religions have experienced significant growth since 1978;2） There’s an unbalanced development of religions with significant differences over the space and time in China;3） Different expansion modes and expansion strategies adopted by different religions, dominated the temporal evolution of the spatial pattern of religion. The spatial structure of the dominated religion changes significantly. 4） Different models of religious development existed in different regions. There are different religious landscapes between the Han areas and ethnic minority areas. The phenomena of over-agglomerate and rapid expansion exist in different religion. Different development modes are also showed in deffernet religion. Those research results from this paper may help a better understanding of the future trends of religious landscape in China and provide the reference for religious policies.