非生物胁迫处理对植物离体组织培养再生效果影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Impact of Abiotic Stresses on Plant Regeneration During Tissue Culture in vitro

植物离体组织培养再生性能受多种因素影响。早期关于提高植物组织培养和植株再生效率的策略往往侧重于基因型筛选、培养基改良和植物生长调节剂搭配等方面,忽略了环境胁迫条件对植物离体培养再生效果的影响。据此,综述了不同胁迫诱导对植物离体组织培养再生的影响,主要包括氧化、渗透、水分、伤害和温度等胁迫。氧化胁迫对植物细胞的再生过程具有双重作用,即氧化胁迫引发植物体内相关抗氧化胁迫酶类合成,从而促进再生,但是发生氧化胁迫的细胞因其细胞膜通透性发生改变,易导致细胞死亡;短期渗透胁迫对植物胚性愈伤组织再生能力具有明显的促进作用;伤害通过影响相关基因表达而对体细胞胚胎产生积极作用;温度对植物体细胞胚胎发生的影响具有发育阶段的特异性以及处理强度的依赖性,适度的温度处理可诱导出较多的胚性愈伤组织。因此,对用于组织培养的外植体进行适当的逆境胁迫前处理,有助于植物组织培养过程胚性愈伤组织的产生,并最终促进植物离体组织培养再生性能的提升。

Plant regeneration performance during tissue culture in vitro is affected by many factors. To improve plant regeneration efficiency, the previous strategies focused on genotype screening, optimization on media components, and combination of plant growth regulators, while paying little attention to the significant impact of environmental stress on plant regeneration. This paper summarizes the recent research progress on different stress-induced effects on plant regeneration during tissue culture in vitro, includ!ng oxidative stress, osmotic stress, wounding, and cold stress. The oxidative stress plays a dual role in the plant regeneration process, i.e., induction of relevant stress antioxidant enzymes synthesis contributing to plant regeneration positively and changes on cell membrane permeability caused by oxidative stress leading to cell death negatively. The short-term osmotic stress significantly promotes the plant regeneration potential. Wounding has a positive effect on somatic embryogenesis by activating the relevant gene expression. The effect of temperature on the development of plant embryonic cells depends on the plant developmental stage and treatment intensity, and moderate temperature pretreatment can induce more embryonic calli. Therefore, appropriate stress pretreatment on explants used for tissue culture may contribute to the formation of embryogenic calli greatly, and may ultimately help to improve plant regeneration capacity during tissue culture in vitro.