河北与京津工业企业全要素生产率比较研究

TFP in Enterprises in Hebei Compared with Enterprises in Beijing and Tianjin

在京津冀协同发展研究被提到议事日程的今天,将京津冀三地的企业生产率问题重新深入研究,对于认识河北企业的问题、差距,有着重要意义。应用生产函数对河北省企业全要素生产率(TFP)进行了测算,并与京津企业进行了比较。计算得到如下结论:上世纪80年代(1980-1990年),河北省企业与京津企业的TFP增长率都呈现上升趋势,而到了1996-2006年期间,河北省企业的TFP增长率开始逐渐下降。与此同时,京津企业的TFP增长率却呈现上升,并且这期间京津企业的TFP增长率几乎一直超出河北省企业。其原因之一是河北省企业的资本密集度高于京津企业,由于资本的边际产出的递减,使得河北省企业的TFP增长率出现下降;其次,京津企业的TFP增长率在河北省企业之上,说明京津企业较之河北省企业更加市场化,更有追求利润的动机。

In the study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, it is significant to carry out in-depth study of enterprise productivity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei to rediscover the problems in Hebei enterprises. In this paper, production function is applied to measure the total factor productivity （TFP） in enterprises in Hebei, which will be compared with enterprises in Beijing and Tianjin. It tunas out that in the 1980 s （1980-1990）, the TFP growth rate in enterprises in Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin was on the rise. TFP growth rate in enterprises in Hebei began to decline during the period of 1996-2000, while TFP growth rate in enterprises in Beijing and Tianjin was on the rise. TFP growth rate in enterprises in Beijing and Tianjin surpassed that in Hebei. One of the reasons is that the capital intensity of enter- prises in Hebei during the period was higher than that of enterprises in Beijing and Tianjin. Resulting from the di- minishing marginal output of capital, the TFP growth rate in enterprises in Hebei province also declined. Secondly the TFP growth rate of enterprises in Beijing-Tianjin was higher than that in Hebei province, which means that the Beijing and Tianjin enterprises are more market-oriented and paying more attention to the pursuit of profit than enter- prises in Hebei province.