崩滑灾害位移曲线典型类型及其形成机制

Typical Types and Formation Mechanism of Displacement-Time Curve of Avalanche and Landslide

通过整理分析大量的崩塌滑坡位移-时间曲线发现,孕育期地表位移时序曲线典型类型主要有稳定型、渐进型和突发型3类,其中稳定型分为蠕滑稳定型和波动稳定型2亚类,渐进型分为三阶段渐进型、振荡渐进型和多台阶渐进型3亚类;孕育期地下位移时序曲线典型类型主要有单滑裂面型和多滑裂面型2类,并发现滑带处位移时序曲线与地表的具有相似的演化规律;从孕育、成灾到形成崩滑堆积体的全过程位移时序曲线典型类型只有生长型一类。基于崩塌滑坡滑裂面上锁固段数量、位置和强度,结合变形状态空间区划效应及外界因素对锁固段的加卸载特征,对孕育期地表典型位移时序曲线形成机制进行了探讨。

By analyzing a large number of displacement-time monitoring curves of landslide and avalanche, it is found that they are induced separately according to different evolutionary stages. There are three typical types of displacement-time curves in surface monitoring when the disaster event is in pregnant stage. Their names are stable type, progressive type and abrupt type, separately. Stable type is divided into two subtypes called creep stable subtype and fluctuant stable subtype, while progressive type is divided into three subtypes called three stages progressive subtype, oscillating progressive subtype and multi-step pro- gressive subtype. There are two typical types of borehole depth-displacement-time curves called single-slip surface type and multiple-slip surface type when the disaster is in pregnant stage. The evolution rule of displacement-time curves in slip surface is similar to that of surface. There is only one typical type of dis- placement-time curve for the whole process of disaster called growth type. Based on the number, location and strength of locked patch which in slip surface of landslide and avalanche, formation mechanism of six subtypes of displacement-time curves in surface monitoring is discussed combined with loading and unloa- ding conditions for locked patch and space partition for deformation state.