非物理因素对青少年颈肩腰背痛的影响

Effects of non-physical factors on neck and shoulder pain and low back pain of adolescents

目的 调查青少年颈肩腰背痛的患病率以及其影响因素.方法 2011至2012学年度第二学期,从上海市注册的237所普通全日制高中里随机数字法选30所高中,按每所学校120名学生分高一、高二、高三年级按学号选取,共3 600名;问卷内容包括人口统计学信息、学习环境、运动习惯、上/放学负重等状况,以及颈肩腰背痛患病情况.使用Logistic回归来分析颈肩腰背痛的可能危险因素.结果 3 600份问卷总计回收有效问卷2 842份,其中男1 364份,女1 478份.调查显示,本组颈肩痛和腰背痛的患病率分别为41.1％和32.8％,女生均高于男生,6.3％的学生因此请过假.青少年普遍感到学习负担重（32.7％的学生不能完成每天的学习目标）、精神压力大（16.3％的学生患有失眠）,而睡眠不足的问题则更为突出（52.0％的学生午夜零时以后入睡,64.3％的学生感到睡眠不足,31.9％的学生醒来后感到身体轻松）.多因素Logistic回归分析认为性别、年级、学习负担、精神压力和睡眠情况与青少年的颈肩腰背痛有显著的相关性.结论 精神压力大、睡眠不足及不良的生活习惯、身体各部位的慢性疼痛以及家庭背景等因素,可能对该地区青少年较高的颈肩腰背痛的患病率有促发作用.

Objective To explore the incidence of self-reported neck/shoulder pain （NSP） and lower back pain （LBP） among Chinese adolescents in Shanghai and identify the influencing factors for the incidences of these musculoskeletal disorders.Methods A total of 3 600 students were selected from 30 high schools randomly chosen from 237 regular full-time high schools registered in Shanghai.From each school,40 students were selected from each of the tenth,eleventh and twelfth grades for a total of 120 students per school.The questionnaire involved questions pertaining to demographic information,learning environment and exercise habits of each student.The questionnaire also contained questions regarding the amount of weight carried by each student while commuting to and from school.And it was also used to collect specific information related with the occurrence of NSP and LBP.Logistic regression was performed to analyze the potential risk factors for NSP and LBP.Results Among 3 600 distributed questionnaires,a total of 2 842 valid questionnaires were returned.The results revealed that the incidences of NSP and LBP in the Chinese adolescent population were 41.1％ and 32.8％,respectively.Both NSP and LBP were more common in girls than in boys.And 6.3％ students reported at least one NSP-or LBP-induced absence from school.Chinese adolescents generally experienced a heavy academic burden （32.7％ failing to achieve daily academic goals） and mental stress （16.3％ suffering from insomnia） ; the problem of insufficient sleep was even more pronounced （52.0％ falling asleep after midnight and 64.3％ suffering insufficient sleep while only 31.9％ feeling physically relaxed after awaking）.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested that gender,grade,academic burden,stress and sleep situation had a significant correlation with NSP and LBP in adolescents.Conclusion The incidences of NSP and LBP are relatively high among adolescents in Shanghai.And several factors,including sedentary behaviors,personal exercise habits and backpack weight,influences the occurrences of NSP and LBP in youth.