脑小血管病与认知损害

Cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment

脑小血管病（small vessel disease，SVD）是指累及颅内小动脉、微动脉、前毛细血管和小静脉的疾病，影像学分型主要包括脑白质病变、腔隙性梗死和脑微出血，被认为是认知功能损害或血管性痴呆的独立危险因素。SVD病变部位、数量和体积均会影响认知损害的程度和表现。

Cerebral small vessel disease refers to the diseases that affects intracranial small arteries, arterioles, precapillaries, and venules. The image-based types mainly include white matter lesion, lacunar infarction, and cerebral microbleeds. It is believed to be the independent risk factors of cognitive impairment or vascular dementia. The location, number and volume of the small vessel diseases may all influence the degree of cognitive impairment and manifestation.