快速城市化地区典型城市路面径流污染试验及特征分析

Test and Characteristics Analysis of Road Surface Runoff Pollution of Typical City in Rapidly Urbanized Area

鉴于城市路面地表径流产生的非点源污染已成为快速城市化地区水体恶化的重要因素,研究城市路面径流污染特征对于城市水环境保护具有重要意义。在2013年6~7月对广州市黄埔大道和南沙区S358道路进行降雨径流连续采样,并开展水质检测,分析污染特征。结果表明,广州市黄埔大道降雨径流中化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、氨氮、总磷、总氮、悬浮物以及重金属汞、铅的场次降雨污染物平均浓度（EMC）值分别为51.7、4.69、0.580、0.145、1.22、158、0.000 16、0.015mg/L;南沙区S358道路对应的EMC值分别为77.9、5.78、0.352、0.258、2.03、125、0.000 40、0.026mg/L。可见黄埔大道初期径流中化学需氧量浓度超过国家现行Ⅴ类标准值,S358道路初期径流中化学需氧量及总氮的浓度均超过国家现行Ⅴ类标准值;降雨路面径流-水质指标浓度变化存在初始冲刷效应,且与降雨特性、路面区域周围环境以及路面车流量密切相关。因此,在城市径流污染控制中需对路面径流冲刷、累积过程的影响因素进行综合考虑。

In view of the non-point source pollution of urban road surface runoff having become the important factor on the water deterioration in rapid urbanization region, it was great significant to study urban road surface runoff pollution characteristics for the urban water environment protection. The water pollution characteristics analysis was carried out by continuous sampling and the water quality detection to rainfall runoff in Guangzhou Huangpu avenue and Nansha district $358 road in June to July 2013. The results show that the rainfall runoff event mean concentration （EMC） of Chemical Oxygen Demand （CODcr）, Five Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand （BODs）, Ammonia Nitrogen （NH4^＋-N） , Total Phosphorus （TP）, Total Nitrogen （TN）, Suspended Solids （SS） and heavy metal of Mercury （Hg）, Lead （Pb） were 51.7, 4.69, 0.580, 0.145, 1.22, 158, 0.000 16, 0.015 mg/L respectively in Guangzhou Huangpu avenue; EMC of Nansha district S358 road corresponding values were 77.9, 5.78, 0.352, 0.258, 2.03, 125, 0.000 40, 0.026 mg/L respectively; early runoff pollutant concentration of CODcr had both surpassed ＂Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water＂ （GB 3838-2002） V class value in Guangzhou Huangpu avenue and Nansha district $358 road, and which of CODcr and TN in Nansha district S358 road had surpassed V class value; the change curve of contaminant concentrations had a close relationship with the characteristics of rainfall, the surrounding environment of road area and traffic flow between the two rainfall events. Therefore, it must be considered comprehensively that the influence factors on the road surface runoff scouring and cumulative process in urban runoff pollution control.