国外现行精神卫生政策概述

Current mental health policies outside China

精神卫生政策是体现了为改善人群精神健康,减轻精神障碍负担的价值观、原则和目标的政府正式决定。基于国外精神卫生政策的政府文件和相关法律,以及学者和WHO等国际组织对各国精神卫生政策所作的报告和文献,本文从精神健康的促进和精神疾病的预防、精神障碍患者的医疗保障、精神障碍患者的社会福利、精神卫生的人力资源保障、精神障碍患者的权利保护、精神障碍患者的社区康复、精神卫生监测、精神卫生服务与政策研究等8个领域综述和分析了国外有效的全国性精神卫生政策及其内容,为我国的政策制定提供启示和借鉴。

Mental health policy is a government＇s formal decision reflecting values, principles and objectives for improving mental health and reducing the burden of mental disorders in a population. Through searching and reviewing foreign government documents of mental health policies, related legislations, reports and papers written by scholars, international organizations like WHO and foreign governments, this paper summarizes and analyzes the content of currently valid mental health policies outside China from 8 domains, in an attempt to provide some inspirations and reference for the policy making in China. The 8 domains are promotion and prevention, medical security, social welfare, human resources, rights protection, community-based rehabilitation, surveillance and research.