施肥对新疆红花莲座期生长及N、P化学计量的影响

Effects of Fertilization on Rosette Stage Growth and N,P Ecological Stoichiometry of Carthamus tinctorius L.

为了探索莲座期红花对氮、磷、钾肥的需求量及其与土壤生态化学计量的相关性,进行添加氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的田间独立试验。结果显示:1)不同处理水平下土壤和植物各器官养分含量不同且差异显著。土壤速效氮随氮肥、钾肥水平增大而增大,而速效磷和速效钾则降低,且随施磷水平增大变化不明显;各肥料对红花的作用总体表现为:叶和根元素含量受磷肥影响较大,钾肥较小;茎受氮肥影响较大,磷肥较小;2)生物量随施肥量增大而增大,而受钾肥影响不显著;N2、P2、K1水平下叶N/P最小,而生物量与叶N/P负相关,即在此水平下生物量最大。结果表明,施肥促进了土壤和植物各器官养分不均衡吸收和分配,促进了植物的生长,当施肥达到各器官吸收饱和点后,由各器官元素比值调节红花的生长。因此,建议选取N2、P2、K1水平进行红花莲座期施肥。

To explore nutrient supplyment,ecological stoichiometry correlation between plant and soil,and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization,we arranged a field experiment of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potash addition on Xinjiang NO.4 Carthamus tinctorius L.,from ecological stoichiometry perspective,to explore：（1）effects of fertilization on rosette stage soil and Carthamus tinctorius L.ecological stoichiometry;（2） inter-correlation among biomass, plant and soil ecological stoichiometry,for rational fertilization,to achieve the seedlings effect.Results：（1）soil and plant nutrients have a significant difference between different treatment levels.Available soil nitrogen was higher with the nitrogen and potassium level increases,while available P and K is reduced,which with phosphorus level increasing changed little;the overall performance of fertilizer shows,nutrient contents in leaves and roots most affected by phosphate,potash minimum; stem affected by nitrogen fertilizer the most,phosphate fertilizer lightest;（2） biomass increases with the amount of fertilizer higher;there′s a negative correlation between biomass and leaf N/P,and the biomass reaches the minimum under N2,P2,K1 level.Research shows that,fertilization promotes soil and plant nutrient uptake and distribution unevenly,and also promotes plant growth,when fertilizer reached the saturation point,the element ratio regulates the growth of Carthamus tinctorius L.The smaller the leaf N/P,the higher the biomass,so suggest this level（N2,P2,K1）for rosette stage fertilization.