转基因植物中删除选择标记基因的研究进展

Research progress of the selectable marker genes eliminated in the transgenic plants

选择标记基因广泛应用于植物转基因工程中,然而这些基于除草剂和抗生素类抗性选择标记基因的利用,在转基因筛选和鉴定完成后功能多余。当前转基因植物的标记基因及相关产物对环境污染和食用安全的潜在影响,已经引起了人们的广泛关注。随着转基因技术的不断发展和人们对转基因植物和食品安全性的关注,删除转基因植物中的选择标记基因非常重要。文章着重讨论了植物转基因过程中,选择标记基因的利用,删除选择标记基因的几种方法,包括共转化法、位点特异性重组、染色体内重组、转座子介导的重组、删除叶绿体转化中选择标记基因,以及无选择标记基因植株的直接再生等。同时,还对这些技术的发展作了展望。

Selectable marker genes were widely used in the transgenic plants. However,these genes based on the resistance to antibiotic and herbicides are redundant since transgenic plants have been selected and identified. Due to the presence of selectable marker gene and its products,the environment pollution and food safety of transgenic plants are strongly concerned by consumers. With the development of transgenic technology,it is very important to eliminate the selectable marker gene in transgenic plants. In this review,utilization of selectable marker gene,methods of marker gene excision consisted of co-transformation,site-specific recombination,intrachromosomal recombination,recombination by transposon,removal of chloroplast marker gene,regeneration of direct marker-free plants,as well as the developmental directions of this technology were discussed.