我国农村宅基地使用制度创新研究——“宅基地指标化”改革思路与方案设计

Research on Institutional Innovation for Chinese Rural Residential Site Exploitation——Reform Idea and Plan Design of“Residential Site Normalization”

我国现行农村宅基地制度立法思想落后、权利框架模糊,宅基地因权利被限制而无法实现收益权能,导致宅基地浪费严重、使用效率低下。党的"十八届三中全会"提出了"改革完善农村宅基地制度"的战略构想。宅基地制度创新应体现城乡公平、区域公平和时际公平,并实现节约集约利用土地的目标。而现有的"限制自由流转、扩大权能"和"自由流转"两个改革思路,都局限于宅基地问题的表层,没有在城乡统筹、新型城镇化背景下对宅基地制度进行重构,存在着天然的缺陷。"宅基地指标化"模式,以权利替代实物,引进市场化的交易机制,实现宅基地指标在全国范围内的流转,有利于节约集约利用土地,能在更大程度上体现社会公平,是解决我国宅基地问题的一种较为理想的方案。

The backward legislation ideas and fuzzy right framework of Chinese current rural residential siteinstitution can not realize gain right because of the residential right restriction, which causes its serious waste andlow exploitation efficiency. The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of CPC proposed astrategic concept of “reforming and improving the system of rural residential sites”. Therefore, the institutionalinnovation of rural residential sites should embody urban-rural fairness, regional fairness and practical fairness andattain the goal of intensive land-use. However, current two reform ideas such as “limiting free transfer and enlargingexploitation rights” and “free transfer” have natural shortcomings because the two ideas only concern about thesurface of the sites and do not reconstruct the residential site institution under the background of overall urban andrural development and new-style urbanization. “The Residential Site Normalization” Model is helpful to intensivelyuse the land, can embody social fairness on larger scale and is relatively a more ideal scheme to solve China’sresidential site problem by taking the right to replace the materials, by introducing market-oriented transactionmechanism and by transferring the residential sites indexes in national range.