深圳市宝安区劳务工心理卫生知识调查分析

Investigation and analysis on mental health knowledge among migrant workers in Bao'an District of Shenzhen City

目的通过调查深圳市宝安区劳务工对心理卫生知识的掌握情况,为开展劳务工心理卫生工作提供参考。方法自编心理卫生知识调查问卷,在深圳市宝安区劳务工中开展调查并进行分析。结果宝安区劳务工最熟知的3种精神障碍依次是精神分裂症、抑郁症和焦虑症(88.8%、71.0%和43.6%);总体来讲,受教育程度越高,对精神障碍名称的认知程度越高(χ2=57.859,P<0.001)。对于抑郁症和精神分裂症常见表现,学历越高,认知程度越高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=58.199,P<0.001;χ2=18.902,P<0.001)。对心理问题或精神疾病的首选建议是精神科/心理科专科治疗(75.3%);然而知晓在该市或该区"到哪里看心理医生"的比例分别为15.2%和5.3%。结论有必要对劳务工群体(尤其是学历较低者)加强有针对性的心理健康知识普及教育。

[ Objective]To investigate the awareness rates of mental health knowledge among migrant workers in Bao＇an District of Shenzhen City, to provide the reference for implementing the mental health services in migrant workers. [ Methods ] By the self-designed mental health knowledge questionnaire, the investigation was conducted among migrant workers, and the data were analyzed. [ Results]The leading three psychogenia which the migrant workers know intimately were schizophrenia （88.8%）, depression （71.0%） and anxiety （43.6%）. In general, the people with higher education level had the higher cognition level toward the names of mental disorders （χ^2 =57. 859 ,P 〈0. 001）. The people with better educational background showed the higher cognition level toward the common manifestations of depression and schizophrenia, and the differences were statistically significant （χ^2 = 58. 199,P 〈 0. 001 ; χ^2 = 18. 902, P 〈 0. 001 ）. For the first suggestion of the psychological problems or mental disorders, most of the migrant workers （75.3%） would choose the psychiatry or psychology department, but the proportion that the workers know where they can visit the psychiatrists in this district and the city was 15.2% and 5.3% respectively. [ Conclusion] It is necessary to strengthen the targeted mental health education among migrant workers, especially the workers with lower education level.