2012年中山市儿童免疫接种率及其影响因素

Immunization coverage rates and influencing factors among children in Zhongshan City in 2012

目的评价中山市儿童实施国家扩大免疫规划后的疫苗接种情况及其影响因素。方法 2012年采用容量比例概率抽样（PPS）,对9-48月龄常住儿童的建证、入册情况,卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎、百白破、乙型肝炎（乙肝）、麻疹、乙型脑炎（乙脑）、＂六苗＂全程及甲肝、流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）的接种情况进行评价。调查儿童家长对接种疫苗认知情况及其未接种原因。结果共抽查中山市常住儿童417人,其中流动儿童155人（37.2%）。建证率为98.3%（410/417）,入册率为97.1%（405/417）。＂六苗＂基础免疫接种率分别为卡介苗98.1%（409/417）,脊髓灰质炎96.6%（403/417）,百白破94.2%（393/417）,乙肝95.2%（397/417）,麻疹92.6%（386/417）,乙脑90.4%（377/417）。加强免疫疫苗接种率分别为百白破74.4%（116/156）,麻疹77.6%（121/156）,乙脑55.7%（87/156）。扩大免疫疫苗接种率为甲肝49.7%（140/282）,流脑77.2%（203/263）。麻疹和乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率分别为45.6%（190/417）、86.3%（360/417）。流动儿童＂六苗＂接种率为77.4%（120/155）,低于该地户籍儿童85.5%（224/262）（χ2=4.399,P〈0.05）。55名儿童未种或未全程接种,其主要原因为没有时间（47.27%）、忘记（20.00%）和因病（12.73%）。结论中山市儿童基础免疫接种率较高,加强免疫接种率、乙肝和麻疹首针及时接种率均偏低。该地户籍儿童接种率高于流动儿童,应加强流动儿童预防接种的管理和加大对国家免疫规划政策的宣传。

[ Objective] To evaluate the vaccination status among children in Zhongshan City after implementation of the National expanded immunization program, analyze the influencing factors. [ Methods ] The certificate and register status, and the vaccination status of BCG, OPV, DPT, hepatitis B, measles, encephalitis B, the Six Vaccines, hepatitis A and epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis among children aged 9 to 48 months old were evaluated by the probability proportional to size sampling （ PPS ）. Questionnaire was administered to investigate the cognition of vaccinations in children＇parents and the reason of un-vaccination. [ Results] A total of 417 children were sampled and the migrant children accounted for 37.2% （ 155/417 ）. The certificate rate was 98. 3% （410/417）, and the register rate was 97.1% （405/417}. The basic vaccination rate was 98.1% （4 09/417） for BCG, 96.6% （403/417） for OPV, 94.2% （393/417） for DBT, 95.2% （397/417） for hepatitis B, 92.6% （386/417} for measles, and 90. 4% （377/417）for encephalitis B. The booster immunization rate was 74.4% （116/156） for DBT, 77.6% （121/156） for measles and 55.7% （87/156 ） for encephalitis B. The expanded vaccination rate was 49.7% （ 140/282） for hepatitis A, and 77.2% （203/263） for epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. The first dose timely coverage rate was 45.6% （190/417） for measles, and 86. 3% （ 360/417 ） for hepatitis B. The vaccination rate for the Six Vaccines among migrant children was 77.4% （ 120/155 }, which was lower than that among the local children [ 85.5 % （224/262） ] significantly （χ^2 = 4.399, P 〈 0.05）. 55 children did not get any vaccination or had incomplete vaccination, and the main reasons included no time （47.3%） , forgetting （20.00% ） and illness { 12.73 % ）. [Condusion ] The basis vaccination rate of children in Zhongshan City is high, but the booster vaccination rate and the first dose timely coverage rate of measles and hepatitis B are low relatively. The vaccination rate of local children is higher than that of the migration children, so it is necessary to strengthen the management of vaccination among migration children and improve the publicity of national immunization program.