信阳市人类免疫缺陷病毒职业暴露的调查分析

Investigation on HIV exposure in Xinyang City

目的对人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）职业暴露的发生特点进行分析,为HIV职业暴露的预防以及降低其发生率提供依据。方法对信阳市2005—2013年发生的33例HIV职业暴露的特征及预后进行分析。结果 33例HIV职业暴露者中,护士最多见（15例,占45.46%）;暴露方式以针刺伤最多（18例,占54.54%）,其次为咬伤和抓伤（8例,占24.24%）;暴露分级以二级暴露最多（17例,占51.52%）;暴露源类型以1级最多见（15例,占45.45%,）;暴露人员年龄以20-29岁最多（24人,占72.73%）。在发生职业暴露后对所有职业暴露者定期进行HIV抗体检测,结果均为阴性。结论及时、规范地对HIV职业暴露者进行伤口处理,正确评估其暴露级别和危险度,尽早、全程预防性用药,加强职业暴露的预防,是降低职业暴露者HIV感染风险的关键。要加强暴露源正确管理和心理疏导。

[ Objective ] To analyze the features of HIV exposure, and provide evidence for controlling HIV exposure and reducing its incidence. [Methods] The features and prognosis of 33 HIV exposure cases in Xinyang City from 2005-2013 were analyzed. [Results] Of 33 HIV exposure cases, nurses occupied the biggest proportion （15 cases, 45.46%}; most injuries were needle stick injuries（ 18 cases, 51.52% ）, followed by bites and scratches（ 8 cases, 24.24% ） ; classification of exposure showed level 2 exposure occupied 51.52% （ 17 cases } ; 45.45% was level 1 source type of exposure （ 15 cases） ; patients aged 20-29 years occupied 72.73 % （24 cases ）. The regular HIV antibody detection after exposure showed all results were negative. [ Conclusion ] Timely and standardized wound treatment after occupational exposure to HIV, correct assessment of the exposure level and risk, the preventive and entire medication, strengthening prevention of occupational exposure are the key measures to reduce the occupational exposure risk of HIV. It is necessary to strengthen the proper management of the exposure source and psychological counseling.