九龙江口南临海域大型底栖动物群落结构的研究

Macrobiotic Community Structure in the Southern Adjacent Waters of Jiulongjiang River Estuary

于2012年4月(春)和8月(夏)对九龙江口南临海域的大型底栖动物进行群落结构研究,同时研究了不同底栖群落的群落特征、稳定性以及其与环境因子之间的相关性.结果显示,调查海域共采集到大型底栖动物8门75种,总生物量和总栖息密度的均值分别为4.81g/m2和51.61ind/m2.其大致分为4个群落,其中距离河口最近的群落Ⅰ为主体群落.相同群落的栖息密度和生物多样性指数等群落特征总体呈现出夏季高于春季的特点,相同季节4个群落的栖息密度和生物多样性指数等群落则特征呈现出远岸海域高于沿岸海域的特点.ABC曲线分析显示,调查海域中群落Ⅰ春季明显处于干扰状态中,稳定性较差;而群落Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ种类组成较为复杂,稳定性较好.Pearson相关性分析表明,pH值、溶解氧、水深、总磷和Cu离子浓度等5个环境因子与群落Ⅰ相关性显著.

This paper used ecological methods to divide the macrobenthos into different communities who live around the southern adjacent waters of Jiulongjiang River estuary in April and August of 2012;it analyzed the composition of the demersal community＇s kinds and numbers,the influenced situations,and the correlation between the environmental elements and the CommunityⅠ.The results shows that,among the collected 75 kinds of macrobenthos in the target waters can be generally divided into four communities,and the CommunityⅠ who live nearest to the river mouth is the major community.The mean values of the total biomass and the total population density of the benthonic animals are 4.81g/m^2 and 51.61ind/m^2.The population density,biodiversity index and other community features of the same community have bigger figures in summer than in spring,while in the same season the population density,biodiversity index and other community features of the four communities has bigger figures in the offshore waters than in the coastal waters.The results of the ABC curve analysis shows that in the target waters the Community Ⅰis in an obvious disturbance state with a poor stability during the spring;while the CommunityⅡ,Ⅲ,andⅣ,whose species composition are much more complicated showed a much better stability.The Pearson correlation analysis shows that,the five environmental elements：depth of water,pH,DO,TP and the concentration of Cu ion have a strong correlation with the CommunityⅠ.