论实施拥堵收费政策的必要性——以巴黎、伦敦和斯德哥尔摩的交通政策为例

Brief Comment on Necessity of Congestion Charge Policy: A Case Study of Transport Policy in Paris,London and Stockholm

针对我国大城市是否有必要实施拥堵收费政策这一热点问题,首先分析巴黎、伦敦城市形态对交通供需、拥堵情况、交通政策的决定性影响.根据巴黎、伦敦和斯德哥尔摩的经验,探讨拥堵收费政策是否是缓解交通拥堵的必选之策.分析从规划入手论述了缓解拥堵、发展公共交通和自行车交通等缓解交通拥堵方法的有效性和可行性,就我国大城市交通发展的最优、必选和可选之策提出建议.

Focusing on necessity of congestion charge, this paper first discusses urban morphology＇s decisive influence on transport supply, demand, congestion and policy in Paris and London. Then the paper analyzes if congestion charge is a necessary approach to relieving congestion, based on Paris, London and Stockholm Is implementation results. Thirdly, the paper analyzes five methods of relieving traffic congestion, including rational urban development, public transport and bicycle development. Finally, the paper proposes the best method, the necessary method, and the optional method to metropolis in China.