我国污水处理运行机制改革研究

On the Operating Mechanism Reform of Sewage Treatment in China

21世纪以来,我国水资源短缺与污染问题日益严重,水资源产品排他性和竞争性逐渐增强,污水治理压力越来越大。但我国的污水处理运行机制,内部排放方普遍缺少减排节水压力,网管铺设不合理、污水处理综合效率有待提高,水资源循环利用率低;外部缺少健全有效的监督反馈机制,对污水处理相关主体既缺乏激励又缺少约束。因此,重视源头控制和环节协调,对水价、排污权、中水交易、监督收益权等产权进行确权与改革,完善市场竞争机制,建立以第三方为主、多方参与的监督机制和有效的反馈机制,通过内部与外部、市场与政府相结合的双效机制,处理好成本与效益、激励与约束、效率与公平之间的关系,才能从根本上改变我国污水治理的困局。

Since 21th century,the pollution and shortage of water resource in China has been becoming more and more serious.Be-cause of the gradual increase of the exclusiveness and competitiveness increase,the government has much pressure of sewage treat-ment.But now,there are some problems in the sewage treatment system,such as emissions generally without the motivation of wa-ter saving and emission reduction,sewage collection network unreasonably laid,sewage treatment efficiency yet to be improved,low renewable water resources utilization rate supervision and feedback mechanism not so effective that lacking restraint and inspiration on the interest group.In order to solve the water governance dilemma in China fundamentally,it needs to pay more attention to the co-ordination and the link of source control,reform on the price of water,emission rights,recycled water trading,and supervision in-come right,to establish a mature market competition mechanism,and a supervision mechanism with third party and multi partici-pant,at the same time formating a flexible and effective feedback mechanism.It is imperative to handle the incentive and constraint, cost and benefit,and the relation between efficiency and fairness through the double effect mechanism of the combination of internal and external,market and government.