西北半干旱地区玉米土壤养分丰缺指标研究

Research on soil nutrient abundance-deficiency index of maize in the semi-arid region of Northwest China

对会宁县全膜双垄沟播玉米2007~2010年开展的"3414"田间肥效试验结果进行统计分析,研究了土壤有效养分含量与玉米相对产量之间的相关性,初步建立半干旱地区全膜双垄沟播玉米的土壤养分丰缺指标。结果表明,会宁县土壤碱解氮含量分3个等级,分别为低(<43mg·kg^(-1))、较低(43~73mg·kg^(-1))和中(73~125mg·kg^(-1));土壤有效磷含量分5个等级,分别为低(<7mg·kg^(-1))、较低(7~15mg·kg^(-1))、中(15~28mg·kg^(-1))、较高(28~35mg·kg^(-1))和高(>35mg·kg^(-1));土壤速效钾含量分4个等级,分别为较低(119~172mg·kg^(-1))、中(172~250mg·kg^(-1))、较高(250~283mg·kg^(-1))、高(>283mg·kg^(-1))。利用肥料效应函数,结合目标产量计算出不同肥力水平区间的推荐施肥量,每公顷半干旱区全膜双垄沟播玉米随地力等级从低到高以施N 266.1~185.1kg、P_2O_5132.2~95.1kg、K_2O 70~47.7kg,氮:磷:钾=1:0.62~0.43:0.38~0.25为宜。

The “3414” fertilizer experiments carried out in Huining County between 2007 and 2010 were conducted to study the relationship between soil nutrient availability and the relative yield of all-film double-furrow sowed maize. The research prelimina- rily established the nutrient plentiful-lack index for the aforementioned semi-arid land. The results showed that the available hy- drolyzed nitrogen content of the soil in Huining County was divided into three levels： low （ 〈43 mg·kg-1）, medium-low （43～73 mg·kg-1） and medium （73 ～125 mg·kg-1 ） ; the phosphorus content was divided into five levels： low （ 〈7 mg·kg-1）, medium-low （7 ～15 mg·kg-1）, medium （15 ～28 mg·kg-1）, medium-high （28 ～35 mg·kg-1） and high （ 〉 35 mg·kg-1 ） ; the potassium content was divided into four levels： medium-low （ 119 ～ 172 mg·kg-1 ）, medium （ 172 ～ 250mg·kg-1）, medium-high （250 -283 mg·kg-1） and high （ 〉283 mg·kg-1）. We calculated the average amount of recommended fertilization using the fertilizer effect function and the different soil fertility levels. The results indicated that the recommended NPK fertilizer rates were N 266. 1 - 185.1 kg · hm-2, P205 132.2 ～ 95.1 kg · hm-2 and K20 70 ～ 47. 7 kg · hm-2, respectively, and the appropriate N： P2O5：K2O ratio was 1： 0. 62 ～0. 43： 0. 38 ～0. 25.