施用有机肥对土壤水分、胡麻干物质生产和产量影响的研究

Effects of different organic manures on soil moisture,dry matter production and yield of oil flax

通过两年的田间试验，以施用化肥（T1）为对照，比较了施用农家肥（T2）、胡麻油渣（T3）、“1号”生物肥（T4）和“2号”生物肥（T5）对土壤水分、胡麻干物质生产和产量的影响。结果表明，T3处理明显增加了青果期和成熟期0～100cm的土壤贮水量。促进胡麻植株中后期的生长发育，且现蕾期以后干物质日积累量明显增加，盛花期到青果期达高峰值。与对照（T1）相比，T3处理的营养器官开花前贮藏同化物向籽粒的转运量和花后干物质积累量分别显著增加了2.7％～2.9％、1.1％～1.7％，而且花后干物质同化量对籽粒的贡献率也最大。施有机肥对胡麻增产和提高土壤水分利用效率均有一定的影响，T3处理比T1处理显著增产9.6％～11.8％，而T2、T4、T5处理分别比Tl处理减产0.5％～2.2％、19.6％～20.5％、18.0％～18.6％。T3处理明显提高水分利用效率，比T1处理显著增加11.4％～12.6％；T4、T5处理的水分利用效率分别比T1处理显著降低14.0％～17.1％、10.5％～14.4％。研究表明，胡麻油渣对增加土壤贮水骨和槔高胡寐产骨右掂捍的前栗。

This field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of four different organic manures on soil moisture, oil flax yield and quality in 2011 -2012. The four organic manures included farmyard manure （T2）, oil flax residue （T3 ）, “ONE” bio-fertilizer （T4）, and “TWO” bio-fertilizer （T5 ）. Treatment with chemical fertilizer （T1 ） was used as the control. The results showed that T3 significantly increased the moisture storage capacity of the soil at the 0 ～100 cm level during the young fruit and ripping stages compared to T1 during 2011 and 2012. It could not only promote growth and development of oil flax at middle -late stage but also significantly increase dry matter acumination per day after the squaring period. Compared with fertilizer treatment, the amount of dry matter translocation and accumulation after anthesis of T3 increased significantly by 2. 7% ～2. 9%, 1.1% ～ 1.7%, and the contribution of dry matter assimilation amount after anthesis to grains was also the largest. Furthermore, all four treatments had certain effects on crop yield and water use efficiency. Particularly, the yield of T3 increased significantly by9.6% ～ 11.8%, while the yield ofT2, T4, and T5 were reduced by 0.5% ～2.2%, 19.6% ～20.5% and 18.0%～ 18.6%, respectively. T3 also noticeably increased water use efficiency by 11.4% ～ 12. 6% over T1, whereas the water use efficiency of T4 and T5 significantly decreased by 14. 0% ～ 17. 1% and 10. 5% ～ 14. 4%, respectively. These results suggested that the application of oil flax residue as fertilizer was effective in increasing soil moisture storage and crop yield.