汉福特场区反应堆安全封存分析

Analysis of the Interim Safe Storage of Reactors at the Hanford Site

美国汉福特场区的9座生产堆(B、C、D、DR、F、H、KE、KW和N)属于天然铀石墨水冷堆。1993年,美国能源部决定将8座生产堆(B堆除外)进行中间安全贮存(封存),封存期为75年;B反应堆作为历史博物馆永久保存,并向公众开放。截至2013年,美国已先后成功完成C、F、DR、D、H、N反应堆的安全封存,KE、KW堆的安全封存将在随后几年完成。文章以C反应堆的安全封存为例,介绍了反应堆安全封存的实施等内容。

The nine production reactors, i.e. B, C, D, DR, F, H, KE, KW and N, at the Hanford site are all water-cooled and graphite-moderated reactors with natural uranium fuel. In 1993, the U.S. Department of Energy （DOE） decided to put eight production reactors （except for B） into Interim Safe Storage （ISS） for 75 years followed by deferred one-piece removal. Reactor B will remain as a national historical landmark. By the end of 2013, six reactors C, F, D, DR, H and N had been successfully put into the ISS. Reactors KE and KW will be put into the ISS in the coming years. Taking reactor C as an example, this paper mainly talks about how to put the production reactors in the Interim Safe Storage, e.g. how to make site preparation, how to construct the safe storage enclosure （SSE） and how to perform surveillance and maintenance during the ISS period, etc.