比较法视野下的非正当当事人变更制度研究

On the System of Alteration of Unsuitable Litigant from the Perspective of Comparative Law

非正当当事人这一概念伴随着形式当事人概念的发展而发展,在民事诉讼中已经获得了独立地位,要求通过程序的构建合理处理非正当当事人。我国现行立法对此内容未加规定,以德日为代表的大陆法系、以英美为代表的英美法系、前苏联与俄罗斯则分别形成了一套非正当当事人变更制度,分析三者制度运行的环境及存在价值,对我国的非正当当事人变更制度的研究大有裨益。在借鉴及构建非正当当事人变更制度的过程中,仍需要从理论系统性、立法沿革、司法实践的规范性以及与相邻制度的契合性出发,注意平衡涉及的几种价值理念。

The notion of unsuitable litigants develops with the concept of procedural litigant and obtains indepen- dent status in civil action which needs to build a rational procedure to deal with the unsuitable litigants. In our country, nothing relevant could be found in the current legislation. There are a set of alteration system of unsuit- able litigants respectively in civil law system, common law system and the former Soviet Union and Russia. Ana- lyzing the operation environment and value of the alteration system of unsuitable litigants in these three areas will be beneficial to the study on the alteration system of unsuitable litigants in our country. In the process, we should be concerned about the theory system, the legislation evolution, the normalization of judicial practice, and the cor- respondence of the neighboring systems, and balance those values involved in the system.