彩绘文物调查及修复技术和理念探讨

A Discussion of Techniques and Ideas of the Investigation and Restoration of Cultural Relics with Color Painting

将彩绘作为文物保护修复中的一项重要研究,已经在颜料分析、绘画技艺、源流传承等方面做了大量的工作。然而彩绘文物形式多样,通常以彩绘砖石质、彩绘泥塑、彩绘陶器、壁画、木质彩绘、彩绘漆器甚至彩绘金属器形式存在,每种不同基质表层的彩绘文物调查及修复时所要采取的技术手段和秉持的理念都会有所差别,但是又能够触类旁通、互相借鉴。笔者尝试从近年来亲历的彩绘石质、彩绘泥塑、壁画、建筑彩画文物保护、调查项目中所感受的困惑和获得的经验中,探讨不同材质彩绘文物的调查与修复,希望可以得到更多学科基于文物保护意义上的专业支持和积极融合。

Cultural relics are basically classified by materials.However,based on practical works,we have discovered that paintings on cultural relics have historical,cultural and technical importance.It is not only because of the magnificent colors,but also because painting is the most intuitive artistic expression of material relics.By choosing painting as the research subject,many works have been done,which obtained great achievements in areas of pigment analysis,paint skill research and historical inheritance evaluation.There are numerous kinds of painted relics broadly distributed in China,mainly including painted stone relics,painted clay sculptures,painted earthen wares,murals,painted wood relics,painted lacquer wares,even painted metal relics.Proper techniques and ideas have to be chosen when dealing with painted relics made of different materials.The differences between those techniques and ideas,however,are not exclusive.Instead,there are connections between them.The author attempts to generalize the experiences derived from many investigation and preservation projects that she has involved for years,including painted stone relics,painted clay sculptures,murals,painted architecture,etc.Different investigation and restoration techniques and ideas for different materials are discussed in this article,in order to gain meaningful professional support and cooperation.