诱导多功能干细胞在视网膜再生医学中的应用

Applications of induced pluripotent stem cells on retinal regenerative medicine

诱导多功能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cell,iPSC）是由4个转录因子与成体细胞基因组进行重组诱导出的一种全能分化型干细胞.多种疾病会导致视网膜的结构或功能受损,可利用iPSC的增生分化能力使视网膜再生.在视网膜再生医学领域,iPSC的研究热点集中在：供体细胞、转录因子及转录载体的选择、诱导分化机制的研究、iPSC向视网膜不同类型细胞分化的诱导途径以及诱导出的视网膜色素上皮细胞和光感受器细胞的移植方法.但在目前关于iPSC的研究中仍存在定向诱导分化效率较低、眼内移植后存活率低、临床应用安全性难保障等一系列问题.唯有解决上述问题,iPSC研究才能在视网膜再生医学领域发挥更大的作用.

Induced pluripotent stem cell （iPSC）,a brand new cell with pluripotent differentiating ability,which was reconstructed and induced by 4 transcription factors and the genome of an adult cell.Kinds of diseases result in disfunctions of retina.The retinal regeneration will come true using the pluripotent differentiating ability of iPSCs.In the current,the hot spots of iPSC researches are as followings,the selections of donor adult cell/transcription factors/transcription carriers,mechanisms of the inducing process,ways of inducing iPSCs to differentiate to a particular layer of retina,and the transplantation of induced retinal pigmented epithelium and photoreceptor cells.However,there are still problems in the iPSC researches,such as the low differentiating efficiency,low survival rate after intraocular transplantation,and the unsecured safety in clinical utility,etc.And only by solving those problems can iPSC researches play a more important role in retinal regenerative medicine.