改良派关于孟德斯鸠自由学说的理解与思考——以《新民丛报》为考察对象

Understanding and Thought of Reformists about Montesquieu Doctrine of Freedom——Taking Miscellany for New Citizens as Object of Study

法国启蒙思想家孟德斯鸠在吸收英国自由主义的基础上,把个人自由、政治自由、法律自由引入国家治理体系,提出了举世闻名的三权分立学说,创立了以法为本的自由主义理论体系。《新民丛报》学人不仅详细介绍了孟德斯鸠的自由学说,特别是他的三权分立学说,而且深入地考虑它在中国实施的情况。然而,当革命派也将三权分立学说引入中国时,他们反而认为三权分立学说不适合于当时的中国。

French enlightenment thinker Montesquieu absorbed British liberalism, and introduced individual freedom, political freedom, and legal freedom into state system. He advanced separation of the three powers, and founded system of law - based liberalism. Writers of Miscellany for New Citizens not only introduced Montesquieu＇s doctrine of freedom, especially Separation of the three powers in de- tail, but also considered how to actualize freedom in China. However, when revolutionaries also introduced separation of the three powers in China, reformists thought separation of the three powers is not suitable for Chinese people.