贵州西部2种特色油茶物种的经济性状及其脂肪酸组成

Economic Property and Fatty Acid Composition of 2 Camellia Species in Western Guizhou

贵州西部高海拔地区是多个油茶物种的分布中心,为发展其油茶产业,对其特色油茶物种怒江山茶和西南红山茶的经济性状及其茶油的脂肪酸组成进行测定,结果表明:怒江山茶果型和种粒较小,平均果重5.0 g,籽千粒重640.9 g,籽含油率32.3%,冠幅产果量和产油量分别为455.8 g/m2和62.0 g/m2,综合经济性状良好;西南红山茶平均果重10.87 g,籽千粒重899.7 g,籽含油率27.7%,冠幅产果量和产油量为406.7 g/m2和37.3 g/m2,具有较好的经济性状。2种油茶的种仁含油率和不饱和酸分别为,怒江山茶54.0%和87.32%,西南红山茶49.3%和87.29%。本研究表明两种油茶物种可作为贵州西部高海拔地区发展油茶产业的首选树种,并有着广阔的前景。

Highland area of western Guizhou is the distribution center of several camellia species .For developing Camellia industry in this region , major economic indicators and fatty acid composition index of 2 Camellia species , namely Camellia saluenensis Stapf.and Camellia pitardii Coh.St., was studied.The results showed that fruit and seed of C.saluenensis Stapf.were small, the average fruit weight and thousand seed weight were 5.0 g and 640.9 g respectively , crude fat content of dry seed was 32.3%, fruit and oil yield reached 455.8 g/m2 and 62.0 g/m2 re-spectively , good performance in comprehensive economic traits .The average fruit weight of C.pitardii Coh.St.was 10.87 g, weight of thousand seed was 899.7 g, the average crude fat content of dry seeds was 27.7%, fruit and oil yield were 406.7 g/m2 and 37.3 g/m2 respectively .The kernel fat rate and unsaturated acid of C.saluenensis Stapf.and C.pitardii were 54.0 % and 87.32 %, 49.3 % and 87.29 % respectively.This study indicated that these two species could be selected as the priority tree species for promoting camellia industry in highland of western Guizhou and have high development potential in the near future .