极小种群野生植物保护的主要内容和技术要点

Methods and Techniques for Conserving Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations

拯救与保护极小种群野生植物是生物多样性保护的重要内容。在完成第一次全国重点保护野生植物资源调查后,为适应珍稀濒危植物保护的迫切需要,提出了极小种群野生植物的概念、名录和相关的保护措施。本文在回顾我国极小种群野生植物相关概念形成、物种名录确定和拯救保护计划制定过程的基础上,结合开展云南蓝果树毛枝五针松等的种群调查分析及拯救保护行动实践,基于国内外珍稀濒危野生植物保护的研究和实践,提出了极小种群野生植物保护的主要内容和技术要点。极小种群野生植物的拯救保护,既涵盖包括就地保护、迁地保护和离体保存等的种质资源保存方法,又涵盖包括种苗繁育、近地保护、回归引种和人工促进天然更新等的种群恢复与重建措施。望本文的归纳总结,能为我国各省区制定并实施极小种群野生植物拯救保护行动计划提供参考和指导。

Saving wild plant species with extremely small populations （PSESP） is crucial in biodiversity conserva-tion since it is a way to save many other ecologically-linked species .The first inventory of national key protected wild plant resources in 1997-2003 revealed that there was an urgent need to strengthen the protection of species on the brink of extinction in China .Thereafter PSESP concept , name list , and relevant measures were proposed to protect those species .In this paper we reviewed the processes of formation of PSESP concept , identification of PSESP name list , and formulation of conservation plans , along with the research progresses in rare and endangered plant conservation .We summarized main methods and techniques to conserve PSESP based in particular on experi -ences learnt from conservation practices of Nyssa yunnanensis and other species .Technical measures for rescuing and saving PSESP covers not only germplasm resources preservation through in situ, ex situ and in vitro conserva-tion , but also population rehabilitation and reestablishment through regeneration promoting , seedling raising , qua-si in situ conservation , reintroduction , and reinforcement .Our summarization attempts to provide guidance for for-mulating and implementing action plans of PSESP conservation .