云南南滚河自然保护区蚂蚁群落研究

Ant Communities of Nangun River Nature Reserve in Yunnan

为了揭示滇西南地区蚂蚁多样性，采用样方调查法和搜索调查法研究了南滚河自然保护区蚂蚁群落。在16块样地中采获蚁科昆虫11亚科57属188种，不同样地蚂蚁群落的物种数5-72种，个体密度12.5-1234.0头/m2，优势度指数0.0887-0.7024，多样性指数0.7978-2.9355，均匀度指数0.2514-0.7170。沟谷雨林蚂蚁物种最丰富，苔藓常绿阔叶林物种最贫乏；橡胶林蚂蚁个体密度最高，苔藓常绿阔叶林个体密度最低；山地雨林蚂蚁群落多样性指数、均匀度指数最高，优势度指数最低；柚木林蚂蚁群落优势度指数最高，多样性指数、均匀度指数最低。季风常绿阔叶林和沟谷雨林拥有最丰富的稀有种，最有保护价值；山地雨林、落叶季雨林、苔藓常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林也有一定数目的稀有种，保护价值较大。相似性系数表明，不同植被类型蚂蚁群落间差异显著。

To reveal ant diversity of southwestern Yunnan , ant communities of Nangun River Nature Reserve were surveyed by using sample-plot and search-collection methods .Totally 188 species belonging to 11 subfamilies and 57 generas of Formicidae were collected in 16 sample plots .The results showed that main indexes of ant communi-ties in different sample plots were as follow：5-72 of species numbers , 12.5-1 234.0 heads/m2 of individual densities , 0.088 7-0.702 4 of predominant indexes , 0.797 8-2.935 5 of diversity indexes , 0.251 4-0.717 0 of evenness indexes .Valley rainforest had the maximum ant species number , while mossy evergreen broad -leaf forest had the minimum ant species number .Rubber tree forest had the highest individual density , while mossy evergreen broad-leaf forest had the lowest individual density .Mountain rainforest had the maximum diversity index and evenness index and the minimum predominant index , while teak forest had the minimum diversity index and evenness index , and the maximum predominant index .Monsoon evergreen broad-leaf forest and valley rainforest were rich in rare species and were valuable for taking conservation action .Mountain rainforest, semi-evergreen monsoon forest , mossy evergreen broad-leaf forest and mixed conifer＆amp;broad-leaf forest had a number of rare spe-cies with higher conservation value .Similarity coefficients indicated that ant communities of different vegetation types had significant difference .