论清王朝涉藏刑事案件的司法管辖——以青海藏区为范围的分析

The Jurisdiction on Tibet Related Criminal Cases in Qing Dynasty——Taking Tibetan areas in Qinghai as the Analysis Scope

司法管辖,是研究清王朝涉藏刑事案件处理时,必须认真考察的问题。在青海藏区,由于生产方式、民族习惯、地理环境等方面的原因,涉藏案件的司法管辖权体现出许多民族地方的特点。同时,由于涉藏案件主要涉及藏族与其他民族间的冲突解决,也使得青海藏区司法管辖权分配更为独特。在清王朝对青海藏区的全面施治过程中,在"农牧分治"的总原则下,清王朝结合地方特点,不仅设置了专门的管辖机构,而且在分管区域内,又结合冲突主体、地域、原因等分别作出了制度上的安排。这有效保障了涉藏刑事案件的及时解决,也有利于王朝统治的巩固和藏区的秩序安定。

In the study of the processing of Tibet related cases,jurisdiction is one of the most important points that needs to be carefully analyzed. In Qinghai Tibetan areas,due to the mode of production,ethnic customs,geographical environment,the jurisdiction over Tibet cases reflects many features with the local characteristics. At the same time,as the Tibet related case mainly concern to conflicts between Zang and other ethnic,the jurisdiction of Qinghai is made more unique. In the process of comprehensive treatment,in the general principles of＂dividing and conquering the farming and animal husbandry＂,the Qing dynasty set the jurisdiction of specialized agencies,and made arrangements according to the subject and region of the conflict,which not only ensures the timely resolution of Tibet related criminal cases,but also is conducive to the consolidation of the region and Tibetan order.