中国稀土政策的变迁及对稀土产业的影响

The Changes of China's Policy on Rare Earths and its Impacts on Rare Earth Industry

稀土是我国重要的战略性矿产资源。为促进稀土产业的健康可持续发展,近年来,政府出台了许多稀土政策,主要包括资源开发政策、税收政策、出口政策、产业政策、环保政策,这些政策的变迁对稀土产业产生了重大影响:降低了资源消耗速度、改变了全球稀土供需格局、提高稀土产业集中度、使得企业外部成本内部化,实现了部分目标。政策建议:根据供需格局变化,适度放松轻稀土管控;发挥资源优势,确保中国稀土利益;实施差别化和精细化管理;加快提高产业集中度步伐,减少政府对出口的直接干预;加大稀土应用研发,促进战略性新兴产业发展。

Rare earth is important strategic mineral resources in our country. In recent years, in order to promote the healthy and sustainable development of rare earth industry, the government has introduced many rare earth policies, such as policy on resource development, tax policy, export policy, industrial policy, and environmental policy. In accordance with these policies, we have reduced the resource consumption, changed the world＇s rare earth supply and demand pattern, and improved the rare earth industrial concentration. All of these efforts that we have made help to internalize external cost and achieve some goals. On this basis, this paper suggests that we should moderately relax the rare earth control with the change of supply and demand pattern, make full use of the advantages in resources so as to ensure China＇s rare earth interests. At the same time, we will devote our efforts to implement different and fine management, work faster to promote industrial concentration, and reduce the government interference over export. Finally, we should step up efforts to research application of rare earth, and give priority to strategic emerging industries.