中国耕地抛荒的马克思地租理论分析及其可持续农业含义

Marx's Land Rent Theory Analysis of China's Cultivated Land and the Meaning of Its Sustainable Agriculture

在马克思地租理论两个现实性假设"土地有限"和"土地收益递减"的共同作用下,不会出现耕地抛荒现象。但由于过度利用较好土地导致其单产大幅度提高从而抑制了土地收益递减规律作用的发挥,致使我国出现了耕地既短缺又抛荒的悖论。然而通过历史背景分析发现,马克思地租理论产生上述作用有其土地边际产出增加不会产生负外部性的暗含假设条件。正是由于在较好土地上密集使用化肥和农药等石化合成物的过度集约化耕种所引起的负外部性未计入农业生产者的生产成本之内,才抑制了土地收益递减规律作用的发挥,进而致使耕地抛荒。

Under the action of limited land and diminishing returns, the phenomenon of cultivated land will not appear. But the excessive use of good land leads to the yield increase significantly, and thus inhibits the diminishing of returns of land, which causes our country＇s cultivated land shortage. However, through the analysis we found that the above action of Marx＇s land rent theory has its implicit assumptions that its land marginal output increase will not produce negative externalities. Because neg- ative externalities caused by over-intensive farming and intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides on good land are not included in the cost of production and its role of diminishing returns is inhibited. For this reason, this research puts forward the agricultural sustainable development countermeasures.