青岛春节期间大气颗粒物数浓度的变化特征

Characteristics of Atmospheric Particles in Number Concentration in Qingdao during the Spring Festival Period

于2013年春节前后在青岛观测了不同粒径大气颗粒物数浓度,结合同期天气资料,探讨了雾、霾、降雨、降雪以及烟花爆竹燃放对环境空气中颗粒物数浓度的影响。结果表明,青岛环境空气中以〈1.0μm细颗粒物为主,对颗粒物总数浓度的贡献超过95%。雾霾天时,颗粒物数浓度明显高于晴天,尤其是细颗粒物数浓度升高显著,霾天时以0.3-1μm颗粒物的数浓度增幅最大,雾天时则以0.5-2.0μm颗粒物的数浓度增幅最大。降雨、降雪对颗粒物有一定的清除作用,其中对〉2.0μm粗颗粒物的清除作用最为明显。春节期间烟花爆竹的燃放对环境空气中〈1.0μm细颗粒物的贡献显著,所造成的颗粒物污染约为不燃放烟花爆竹时的3倍。

In this study, the number concentrations of atmospheric particles were measured in Qingdao during the Spring Festival of 2013. Size distributions of number concentrations of atmospheric particles were investigated in terms of impacts of weather conditions（e.g., fog, haze, rain and snow） and fireworks. The results showed that particles 〈1.0 μm in number concentrations contributed more than 95% of the total suspended particles in Qingdao atmosphere. During fog and haze days, the number concentrations of particles were significantly higher than those of clear days, and especially there was a significant increase of fine particles in number concentration. The increase was more obvious for 0.3 - 1.0 μm particles in haze days and 0.5 - 2.0 μm particles in fog days. Rainfall and snowfall were found to remove particles from the atmosphere to a certain extent, especially for 〉2.0 μm particles. During the Spring Festival, the particles from the fireworks were mainly distributed in the 〈1.0 μm size range, and the number concentrations of particles were 3 times higher than those of the non-fireworks level.