大豆主要病害多抗性资源筛选鉴定

Evaluation of Selected Soybean Cultivars and Breeding Lines for Multi-resistance to Major Pathogens

大豆灰斑病、根腐病和疫霉病是生产上主要发生的病害,对大豆的产量和品质影响很大,用抗病品种是防治病害的有效方法,抗病资源筛选鉴定是抗病育种的基础。因此,本研究对这3种病害进行抗病性鉴定,旨在筛选出单抗和多抗资源。用人工接种鉴定的方法,对139份大豆材料分别接种大豆灰斑病菌、根腐病菌、疫霉病菌,进行单一病害鉴定,发病后按每种病害的抗性评价标准确定每份材料的抗病性。结果表明,对大豆灰斑病和疫霉病表现高抗的材料总计为51份,中抗材料总计为80份;对大豆灰斑病和根腐病表现为抗病材料总计为102份;对3种病害鉴定为感病的材料总计为179份。抗2种以上病害鉴定结果为,抗根腐病和疫霉病的材料12份;抗灰斑病和疫霉病的材料14份;抗灰斑病和根腐病的材料16分。抗3种病害的材料7份。明确了在供试的大豆材料中对单一病害的抗源居多,抗2种以上病害特别是抗3种病害的材料较少,因此,应合理的利用这些多抗性的资源材料。

Cercospora sojina, Phytophthora sojae and soybean root rot are the major pathogens ot soy which can affect the quality and quantity of soybean products. To screen soybean cuhivars and breeding Dean, lines with resistant to major pathogens is an effective way to control diseases. Resistances of 139 soybean cultivars to the pathogens of Cercospora sojina, Phytophthora sojae and soybean root rot were evaluated by artificial inoculation to screen resources with single or multi resistance. The results showed that 51 soybean cultivars and breeding lines possessed ability with high resistance to Cercospora sojina and Phytophthora sojae , 80 soybean cultivars and breeding lines with moderate resistance, 102 soybean cultivars and breeding lines with resistance to the pathogens Cercospora sojina and soybean root rot. were susceptible to three pathogens. 12 soybean cuhivars and 179 soybean cultivars and breeding lines breeding lines shared traits with muhiresistance to both Phytophthora sojae and soybean root, 14 soybean cuhivars and breeding lines with muti- resistance to both Cercospora sojina and Phytophthora sojae, 16 soybean cultivars and breeding lines with multi-resistance to both Cercospora sojina and soybean root, 7 soybean cultivars and breeding lines with multi- resistance to these three pathogens. The results indicated that, since a large part of soybean cuhivars and breeding lines possessed single resistance to a pathogen and only minor soybean resources possessed multiresistance to two more pathogens or three pathogens, rational utilization of soybean resources should be made.