以“鬼子母揭钵”为例看原生“西游”故事的聚合机制

Congregation Mechanism of Protogenesis“Journey to the West”Story with“Hariti Uncovering Pot”as a Case Study

在"西游"演化史上,"鬼子母"与"西游"故事的牵缠一直没有终止过,然而因其未被百回本《西游记》整合、吸纳,这一故事未受到学界应有的重视。事实上,从唐代佛典到宋元队戏、南戏、杂剧,以至清代宫廷大戏《升平宝筏》,都清晰可见其向"西游"故事聚合的轨迹。该故事与"西游"故事的两度聚合,第一次发生在唐五代,以"斋僧"为标签,第二次发生在宋元,以"揭钵"为标签,这与鬼子母形象于当时民间的存在形态是相适应的。而在第二次聚合中,它又与铁扇公主故事发生扭结、重叠。鬼子母这一形象的衍变,是我们考察原生"西游"故事向故事主干及彼此间聚合活动时的典型个案。

In the transformational history of ＂Journey to the West＂ Story, ＂Hariti＂ is involved with the former constantly, while it is not integrated and assimilated into the 100-chapter novel Journey to the West, leading to the neglect on the part of the academic circle. In fact, from Buddhism Code in Tang Dynasty to Dui Drama, Southern Opera, Poetic Drama in Song and Yuan Dynasty, even to Court Drama Sheng Ping Bao Fa in Qing Dynasty, the trace of ＂Journey to the West＂ Story could be perceived. The congregation of the two storied occurs first in Wu Dai, embodied in ＂fast monk＂, secondly in Song and Yuan Dynasty, embodied in ＂uncovering pot＂, which abides by the image of Hariti in folk lore. In the second congregation, it involves and overlaps with the story of princess with iron fan. The transformation of the image of Hariti is a typical case in investigating the melting into main story and assimilation of the protogenesis ＂journey to the west＂ story.