19世纪下半期俄国的农民自治

Russian Peasants' Autonomy in Russia in the Second Half of the 19th Century

俄国1861年改革后,农民自治开始实施,自治成为农民日常生活中最重要的方面。农民自治受到政府的干预极少,村社能够保证农民的基本利益。农民自治运行的基础是习惯法,农民最看重的是公平观念,其原则包括平等、集体利益优先和劳动。习惯法规范着农民的日常法律生活,农民倾向于依靠村社和集体方式审理案件。随着农民自我意识的增长,农民的法律意识发生了转变,法制观念逐渐增强。自治的调节作用极大地稳定了农民的生活。

Since the reform in 1861,Russia had begun to implement peasants autonomy,the most important thing in peasants' daily life. Peasant's autonomy rarely suffered from government intervention,and Mir could guarantee the basic interests of peasants. The basis of peasant's autonomy was common law,and peasants most valued fair idea,which included equality,priority of collective interests,and labor factors. Common law regulated everyday legal life of peasants,which tended to hear cases by Mir and collective manner. With the growth of peasants' self-awareness,their legal culture has shifted,and legal concept gradually accepted. The regulation of autonomy greatly stabilized peasant's lives.