油棕果实不同发育时期类胡萝卜素的含量变化

Changes of carotenoids in the fruit of oil palm(Elaeis guineensis)at different stages of development

以油棕果为材料,分别提取油棕果5个发育时期的类胡萝卜素,采用高效液相色谱法进行分离,鉴定其中叶黄素、蕃茄红素、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素的成分和含量,并分析其变化规律。结果表明,高效液相色谱法可对油棕果中的叶黄素、蕃茄红素、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素完全分离并进行定性和定量分析。随着油棕果实成熟度的增加,α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素的含量逐渐增加,其中在果实发育后期,β-胡萝卜素是α-胡萝卜素的3~4倍;相反地,叶黄素从青果期到成熟期的含量是逐渐减少的;蕃茄红素的含量变化不大。油棕在成熟过程中总类胡萝卜素含量不断增加,主要转化为以α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素为主。

The changes of carotenoids in the fruit of oil palm（Elaeis guineensis）at five different stages of development were investigated.After extracting carotenoids from the fruit of oil palm,lutein,lycopene,α-carotene andβ-carotene were separated and its contents were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.The results showed that contents ofα-andβ-carotene had a tendency of increasing with fruit ripening.β-Carotene content increased obviously.The content ofβ-carotene was three to four times more than that ofα-carotene in the late developmental stages.On the contrary,the changing trend of the lutein content was gradually decreased.The content of lycopene was almost constant during the development of fruit.It was indicated that the content of total carotenoids in the fruit of oil palm was gradually increased,and was mainly transformed intoα-andβ-carotene in the process of maturation.