苏北废黄河三角洲海岸线历史时空演化研究

Spatial-temporal coastline evolution of the old Yellow River delta,northern Jiangsu Province

苏北废黄河三角洲属淤泥质海岸类型,是我国海岸侵蚀严重的地区之一.本文根据地形图、海图、历史地图、遥感影像及历史文献等资料,应用GIS/RS技术及数理统计原理,对废黄河三角洲海岸线空间演化特征进行定量分析,以研究历史时期以来苏北废黄河三角洲岸线的整体演变特征.自春秋以来,废黄河三角洲海岸线经历了春秋至北宋的相对稳定,北宋后快速向海推进,再向陆侵蚀内移并逐渐趋于稳定的过程,这一过程主要受黄河南徙与北归的控制.1989年以来,中山河口至扁担河口岸段是主要侵蚀区,不同部位蚀退速率有差异,北部蚀退速率小于南部,中山河口以北、夸套河口以南则以淤积为主,这种差异主要受沿岸地形及人类活动的影响.

The old Yellow River delta is associated with muddy coastlines and one of the most severe erosion areas in China.Based on the regional topographic maps,charts,historical atlas,satellite remote sensing images and historical literature,ageodatabase of coastlines was established by GIS/RS technology and statistic principles.Quantitative information of coastline changes was synthesized by using the superposition of different periods of coastline data.The coastlines in consideration have experienced a stable stage from the Chunqiu Period to Northern Song Dynasty and a rapid progradation after Northern Song Dynasty;since then,the coastlines were subjected to another retreating event and become presently gradually stabilized.This process was under the control of the Yellow River changing its course.Since 1989,the main eroding area is located between the Zhongshan River mouth to the Biandan River mouth.Retrogradation rate varied in different parts,which is lower in the north of the old Yellow River mouth than in the south.North of the Zhongshang River mouth and south of the Kuatao River mouth are siltation dominated.These differences were affected by coastal topography and human activities.