南黄海辐射沙脊群生物多样性非使用价值评估

Evaluating the non-use value of biodiversity of the radial sand ridge field of southern Yellow Sea

生物多样性非使用价值主要指生物多样性在环境和生态系统方面的服务功能,非使用价值评估对生物多样性保护与可持续利用具有重要意义.本文运用条件价值评估法（CVM）,设计支付卡式调查问卷,对南黄海辐射沙脊群生物多样性的非使用价值进行评估.在允许零支付意愿（WTP=0）的问卷引导方式、以个人为支付单位,以及规避零支付意愿、以家庭为支付单位两种情况下,分别计算居民对生物多样性保护的支付意愿,进而推算出生物多样性的非使用价值;并采用相关分析和回归分析方法,进一步探讨公众支付意愿的影响因素及影响程度.结果表明,允许WTP=0情况下,受访者的平均支付意愿为96.2元·（a·人）^-1;规避WTP=0中,平均支付意愿为232.96元·（a·户）^-1,两者差异在可接受范围内;南黄海辐射沙脊群生物多样性的非使用价值为每年5.32～5.92×10^8元.同时,受访者收入、对生物多样性及其受用海工程影响等相关知识的认知程度,是居民支付意愿的主要影响因素,其中收入水平的影响最为显著.研究结果可为海岸带综合开发空间协调与生态补偿政策制定提供科学依据.

The total economic value of natural resources includes use value and non-use value.The non-use value of biodiversity mainly consists of the services in aspects of environment and ecological systems.Evaluating the non-use value of biodiversity has significances to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.In this case study,the contingent valuation method（CVM）was used to evaluate the non-use value of the biodiversity in the Radial Sand Ridge Field of Southern Yellow Sea.A questionnaire of payment card CVM was developed for the survey study,which was designed with two guidance modes：one was to allow＂WTP=0＂and to pay by individual person;the other was to avoid＂WTP=0＂and to pay by household unit.Then the study calculated the residents＇ willingness to pay（WTP）forbiodiversity conservation,explored the factors influencing the public WTP,and their impacts were assessed through Logistic Regression Model and bivariate correlation analyses.The study was based on 452 questionnaires for local residents,of which 383 were returned as valid ones.The results showed that,in the case of allowing＂WTP=0＂and the individual unit to make payments,the average WTP for biodiversity conservation is 96.2Yuan per year;If replaced by avoiding＂WTP=0＂and the family unit to make payments,the average WTP is 232.96 Yuan per household.Taking the total population of six counties or districts along the sand ridges as the overall sample,the non-use values of biodiversity ranged from 5.32 to 5.9×10^8 Yuan per year.The statistical analysis results indicated that the WTP was mainly affected by household income and level of understanding of marine species diversity and environment awareness,of which income was the dominant one.