秸秆还田对农田土壤水分与冬小麦耗水特征的影响

Effects of Different Pretreated Straw on Soil Water Content and Water Consumption Characteristics of Winter Wheat

通过2年田间试验,对比研究了秸秆经粉碎、氨化处理后施入土壤对农田0～100 cm土壤水分动态、冬小麦耗水特征、水分利用效率（WUE）及降雨利用效率（PUE）的影响。结果表明,连续2年冬小麦生育期0～100 cm土壤贮水量变化趋势基本一致;氨化秸秆连续2年还田能显著提高成熟期0～100 cm土壤贮水量,较秸秆覆盖分别提高4.95%和1.82%（P〈0.05）,较未氨化秸秆还田分别提高4.24%和1.75%（P〈0.05）。此外,秸秆覆盖较秸秆翻压还田措施能有效降低冬小麦生育期内总耗水量;氨化秸秆施入土壤后较未氨化秸秆能显著降低冬小麦总耗水量,作用效果主要体现在冬小麦生长后期。粉碎并氨化秸秆连续2年还田能显著提高冬小麦籽粒产量,较秸秆覆盖还田分别提高9.07%和11.42%（P〈0.05）,并显著提高冬小麦WUE和PUE。

Two-year（2011—2013） field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of straw pretreatment（comminuted or ammoniated） on soil moisture dynamics（0 ～ 100 cm depth） in the whole growth period of winter wheat,crop water consumption,water use efficiency（WUE） and precipitation use efficiency（PUE）.The results showed that the changes in soil water storage（0 ～100 cm depth） under all experimental treatments were similar in the whole winter wheat growing period in 2-consecutive-year.The ammoniated straw application increased soil water storage（0 ～ 100 cm depth） by 4.95% and 1.82% at the maturity stage significantly in two years respectively more than conventional straw mulching,and by4.24% and 1.75% more than unammoniated straw application.In terms of crop water consumption,conventional straw mulching,compared with conventional straw incorporation,effectively reduced the total water consumption in the growing periods of winter wheat.In addition,the comminuted-ammoniated straw application,compared with unammoniated straw application,also observably reduced the total water consumption at the late growth stage of winter wheat,which promoted the use of irrigation and precipitation by winter wheat.Pretreatment（comminuted-ammoniated） straw application,compared with conventional straw mulching,significantly increased the grain yield of winter wheat by 9.07% and11.42% in 2 years respectively,which improved winter wheat WUEand PUEsignificantly as well.