预防青少年犯罪的新思维——以体育运动为视角

New Perspective on Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency as Seen from Sports

体育运动形式活泼、内容丰富,对于预防和治理青少年犯罪而言,具有其独特的价值功效和实践意义。研究认为青少年参与体育运动的价值在于,能够塑造其自信和自尊,消除过剩精力,增强耐挫折能力,增加社会联系和培养规则意识。在体育参与预防青少年犯罪的理论构造层面,透过心理学和社会学两个学科维度,在复演论、精力过剩论、人格论、紧张理论和标签理论等9个理论层面,探讨和分析体育运动预防青少年犯罪的理论预设。在实践运作层面,体育运动的开展已成为促进社会稳定的一种有效手段。西方各国积极开展各种体育项目计划和课后活动计划,利用体育基金、公共财政补贴、课后减免税等手段,以控制和预防青少年犯罪,这些计划的实施有效降低了犯罪率和再犯可能性。

In terms of prevention and governance of juvenile delinquency, sports have its unique value and practical meaning with its various forms and contents of physical exercises. The values of juveniles participating in sports come from the shaping of self-confidence and self--esteem, eliminating surplus energy, strengthening quality of enduring setbacks, increas- ing social communications and cultivating consciousness of discipline. In this paper, the construction of theoretical theories of sports prevent juvenile delinquency is analyzed from psychological and sociological perspectives, using recapitulation theory, surplus energy theory, personality theory, strain theory and labeling theory. In practice, sports have become an effective measures for social stability. The western countries have executed various sports programs and ex-curriculum ac- tivities to reduce the criminal rate and the possibility of recidivism through sports funds, public financial subsidy, and tax reduction or exemption etc.