北洋时期农业科技改良体系的构建及意义

The System Construction of Agricultural Technical Improvement in Beiyang Government

北洋时期承继清末农业科技改良之进程,在发展农业科技方面颇有成绩,引进西方先进农业科技成果的同时,注意消化吸收,进行适应性的本土化改造,为农业改良提供了条件。政府加大了对农业改良的重视力度,建立起农业管理体制,颁布了相应的规则和条例,发展农业教育,建立起高、中、初级农业教育体系,同时推进农业科研和农业科技推广工作的开展,初步形成了管理、教育、研究、推广相结合的改良体系,为农业科技持续改良和进步奠定了基础。其成果的取得既要归功于业内人士特别是农学界的努力,也不应忽视政府的推动作用。历史呈现出多面性,进步和落后有时共存一体,评价时应该有所区分。历史具有连续性和交互性特征,北洋时期不是独立历史之外的特殊时期。深入考察北洋时期农业改良体系的构建,有助于更好地理解科技改良与农业发展的多重关系。

In Beiyang Government period, the melioration of technology was a measure taken to develop agricultural indus- try. In order to solidify its reign and develop agriculture, the Beiyang government made a set of policies concerning the me- lioration of agricultural technology and took corresponding measures. During the improvement of traditional agriculture, with the development of agricultural education, the birth of agricultural academic corporations, the foundation of independent re- search in situations of agricultural and the possession of other institutionalized elements, Chinese system for agricultural sci- ence and technology has been initially established, laying the scientific and technological foundation for the development of Chinese agricultural institutionalization. The enthusiasm and attention paid to the melioration of agricultural technology worked to a certain extent. However, the agriculturM economy was on the edge of collapse due to natural disasters and effects of war, and the act was in constraint of laggard productive relations and other factors.