农林牧渔业人力资源现状与农学教育发展对策研究

Research on Human Resource of Primary Industry's Current Situation and Development Countermeasure of Agriculture Education

近20年来,我国农林牧渔业从业人员的规模减少了22.2%,从业人员逐步呈现老龄化的趋势;从业人员的受教育程度有一定进步,但总体水平依然严重偏低;农业技术人员占第一产业从业人员的比例仅为0.1%。据预测,2020年第一产业从业人员总规模将下降为2.5亿人左右,大专及以上的比例由2010年的0.6%提高到2%,高中文化程度的比例由2010年的5.8%提高到12%。为达到上述目标,未来10年,农学本科专业的年平均招生人数应由目前的7.5万人上升为10万人;农学专科专业的年平均招生人数应由目前的7.6万人上升为23万人。因此课题组建议:加快农学高等教育规模发展,调整本专科招生比例;出台系列优惠政策,大力扶持农学高等教育发展;稳定中职招生规模,鼓励办学形式和教学模式的多样化发展;以多种形式、多种途径、多种机制积极发展农村职业技术培训;加大对高等学校和中职涉农专业毕业生的创业扶持,培养更多科技兴农的带头人。

The workforce in China＇s primary industry has reduced 22.2% in the past twenty years. However, the remain- der of the workforce is gradually showing a trend of aging. Their educational level improves, but the overall level is still ver- y low. Agro-technician only accounted for 0. 1% among the entire primary industry workforce. It is predicted that, the pop- ulation of the primary industry will reduced to 250million, the proportions of people who get a College Degree or above will be enhanced from 0.6 to 2% , and middle school degree will be from 5.8% to 12% in the year of 2020. In order to achieve the goals above, from 2010--2020, new student enrollment of agronomy in universities＇ bachelor＇s degree programs will be adjusted from 75thousand to 100thousand. Junior college enrollment will be adjusted from 76 thousand to 230t housand. Authors suggested that, we need to speed up the development of scale of agronomy major in higher education andadjust the proportion of undergraduate student and specialized college students; then, make a series of preferential policy to support agriculture education; thirdly, stabilize the enrollment scale of agronomy major in secondary vocational school, encourage various education approach, and various teaching mode; fourthly, using diversified forms, approach, and multiple mecha- nism to develop professional and teaching training; last but not least, encourage higher education and second vocational school graduates to start a business andto cultivate more leaders of agricultural scientific researchers.