立法者的审慎义务:宪法商谈下的利益均衡——以哈贝马斯的法律商谈理论为分析框架

Legislators' Obligation of Prudence: Interests Balance under Deliberative Theory of Law

以广州最近出台的汽车限购令为分析样本,对其进行分析可以发现,作为一种抽象行政行为,限购令在公民权利保护等方面与宪法及其他法律存在冲突,也不符合法治国家的人权保障与比例原则的精神。在"国家尊重和保障人权"已经写入宪法的当下,行政机关在进行立法和公共决策时,应当充分注意"立法者的审慎义务"。可经由制度性的民主商谈程序进行利益衡量,以实现国家权力与公民权利的理性平衡。

A case study of the automobile purchase restriction,which was introduced recently in Guangzhou,finds that,as an abstract administrative act,the restriction collides with the Constitution and other laws in the protection of civil rights and does not conform with the spirit of human right protection and the principle of proportionality in a country that is ruled by law. Since 'the state respects and safeguards human rights'has been written into the Constitution,in the process of administrative legislation and public decision-making,the administrative organs should pay full attention to'legislators' obligation of prudence'and measure interests through institutional process of democratic deliberation,so as to achieve a rational balance between the state power and civil rights.