社会资本、身份特征与居民幸福感——基于中国居民社会网络变迁的视角

Social Capital,Identities and Well- being:A Perspective of Chinese Residents' Social Networks Transition

在中国从传统走向现代的进程中,中国居民的主要社会网络也从以血缘关系为基础的传统社会网络开始变迁到以工作社会网络为基础的现代社会网络。根据2006年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)项目数据,本文研究了这两种不同社会网络对中国居民幸福感的影响,以此作为认识当代中国社会资本的一个依据。研究发现:在当前中国,社会资本对居民幸福感具有显著影响,相对于以血缘关系为基础的传统社会资本而言,工作社会网络已经成为中国居民现代社会资本的重要方面。并且现代社会资本对中国居民幸福感的提升存在显著的身份差异,即现代社会资本给予城镇移民、城镇外来居民和独生子女更高幸福感,而给予本地居民和非独生子女的幸福感较弱。

From traditional to modern society, the main social networks of Chinese residents also have changed from the traditional networks based on consanguinity relationship to the modern social networks which are on the basis of work social networks. Using the CGSS 2006 data, this paper analyzes the effects of the two kinds of social networks on Chinese residents＇ well - being, and gives a better understanding about the contemporary social capital in China. We find that social capital has a significant impact on residents＇ well - being in current China; contrary to the traditional kinship - based social capital, the social network in work has become an important part of social capital in China＇ s modern society. And we also find significant differences caused by different identities in the impact of modern social capital on enhancing the well - being of Chinese residents. That is, urban migrants, foreign residents and the only child residents gain more well - being from modern social capital, while the natives and the non -only child residents gain less.