对外贸易的职工内部收入分配效应——正式工、临时工和农民工的比较研究

Trades Affect Labor Income Distribution: Comparative Study by Permanent,Temporary and Peasant Workers

本文考察了微观企业进出口贸易的职工工资分配效应。研究结果表明,企业进出口贸易对不同属性职工的收入分配具有非对称性,出口对临时工和农民工实际工资增长的贡献明显高于正式工,而进口对正式工实际工资增长的贡献也显著高于临时工和农民工,并且这一结论在控制了企业生产能力、经营年限、地理位置、所有制结构等因素,以及样本配对和内生性问题的再检验结果中均较为稳健,说明我国企业在国际化发展过程中,单纯强调出口或进口都会产生劳动力内部的收入分配差距问题。尽管对外贸易在我国经济发展和提高劳动力实际报酬等方面发挥了重要作用,但本文微观数据的经验证据表明,企业的进出口贸易不可能协调所有职工的利益分配,调整收入差距的再分配政策应该关注这一问题。

This paper analyzes how firms＇ foreign trade affects labors wage. Using China＇ s manufacturing firm - level data from World Bank, we find that firm＇ s trade has asymmetric income distribution impacts on different labors. Export benefited more on temporary and peasant workers, while import brougt more profits to permanent labors. After controlling utilized production capacity, established time, geographic location, ownership and matching methods, the above results still hold. When China＇ s firms participated in international trade, our conclusions suggest that only export or only import will generate wage gaps among different workers. Despite the fact that trade plays an important role in China＇ s economic development, we still suggest that government should implement redistribution policy to adjust workers＇ income disparity, because the firms＇ trade could not narrow this income gap.