环氧化甘油醇解蓖麻油的合成及阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫的研究

Synthesis of epoxided glycerolysis castor oil and used in flame retardant polyurethane foam

以甘油醇解蓖麻油为原料、双氧水为氧化剂、磷酸为催化剂、甲酸为携氧剂制备中间体环氧甘油醇解蓖麻油,研究了双氧水用量、催化剂磷酸用量、反应时间和反应温度对环氧甘油醇解蓖麻油环氧值的影响,并制备了蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇应用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫。采用FT-IR、1 H-NMR对产物的结构进行了表征,盐酸丙酮法对产物的环氧值进行测量,通过氧指数仪和万能试样机研究了聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能和机械性能。研究结果表明:催化剂磷酸用量为甘油醇解蓖麻油质量的0.3%、反应温度为60℃、双氧水用量为甘油醇解蓖麻油质量的82.5%、反应时间为3.5h时,环氧甘油醇解蓖麻油环氧值最高可达3.1%。用蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇制成的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的氧指数可达到24.3%,大大提高了阻燃性能。

Epoxided glycerolysis castor oil was prepared by using glycerolysis castor oil as the main raw material, H2 O2 as the oxidant, phosphoric acid as the catalyst in the presence of formic acid. The effects of catalyst dosage, H2 O2 dos- age, reaction time and reaction temperature on the. yield of epoxy value, were investigated. The castor oil-based flame retard- ant polyols were synthesized by ring-opening reaction between diethyl phosphate and epoxy group, then castor oil-based flame retardant polyols were reacted with MDI to produce polyurethane foam. The chemical structures were characterized by FT-IR,1 HNMR. The epoxy value was measured by the method of hydrochloric acid and acetone. The mechanical behav- ior and flame resistance of polyurethane foams were studied by universal testing machine and limiting oxygen index（LOI）, respectively. It can be seen that the epoxy value can reach to 3.1 % ,when catalyst dosage was 0.3 % of the mass of glycer- olysis castor oil,the dosage of H2O2was 82.5% and reaction time was 3.5 h. The LOI value of polyurethane foam could reach to about 24.3%,