原油和消油剂对鱼类毒性的研究进展

Review on toxicity of crude oil and dispersant to fish

原油对鱼类的毒性主要来自其水溶性成分,可导致鱼卵死亡或发育畸形,并造成鱼类麻痹、发炎、粘膜受损和死亡。消油剂的使用在分散了油膜的同时也带来二次污染,其活性剂对鱼类产生新的毒性影响。消油剂将原油分散为乳化颗粒并能进入鱼体内,加大了原油的毒性并延长其作用时间。综述了原油和消油剂对鱼类毒性的研究进展,展望了鱼类在相关毒性试验领域的应用及发展方向。

The research progress of toxicity of crude oil and dispersant to fish was reviewed in this paper.The crude oil′s toxicity to fish is mainly from its soluble ingredient, it can cause not only fish eggs′death or deformity but also fish′s paralysis, inflammation, mucosal damage, or death.The usage of dispersant dispersed oil film caused secondary pollution at the same time.The active agent of dispersant brought new toxic effect to fish.The dispersant dissolved the crude oil into emulsified particles can enter the fish′s body.It helped enlarge the crude oil′s toxicity and lengthen its actuation duration.The application and development trend of future research are-as was discussed.