西藏高原典型生态系统退化及植被恢复技术综述

Advances in Studies on Degradation and Re-vegetation of Typical Ecosystems on Tibetan Plateau,China

全球变暖和人类活动导致西藏高原脆弱生态系统遭到不同程度的干扰和破坏,对正在进行的国家生态安全屏障保护与建设构成严重的潜在威胁。文中在全面梳理西藏高原典型退化生态系统的主要表现(草地退化、湿地退化、工程扰动区植被破坏、风沙化土地不断扩张)、识别其驱动因素(气候变化、过度放牧和工程扰动)的基础上,总结了西藏高原典型退化生态系统植被恢复的技术措施(围栏封育、人工种草、工程扰动分类恢复、适生植物种选择、沙障设置等),以期为进一步加强西藏高原退化生态系统保护与恢复治理、促进国家生态安全屏障建设提供决策依据和技术支撑。

The fragile alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau have been subject to disturbances and damages to varied extents as the results of global warming and increasing human activities, which constitutes a serious potential threat to the ongoing program of Protection and Construction of National Ecological Security Shelter Zone. Therefore, this paper analyzed the performances of typical degraded ecosystems （grassland degradation, wetland degradation, vegetation deterioration in engineering disturbed area, and spreading of aeolian sandy land） in the Tibetan Plateau, and then identified the driving factors （climate change, overgrazing and engineering disturbance）. Based on these analyses, the re-vegetation technologies for degraded ecosystems on the Plateau were summarized and refined, mainly including grassland enclosure, artificial seeding, classification recovery of different types of engineering disturbance area, screening of adaptive plant species, sand barrier construction, etc. The study was expected to provide decision-making bases and scientific and technological supports to further enhance the protection and restoration of degraded ecosystems and promote the construction of National Ecological Security Shelter Zone on Tibetan Plateau.